Full Project - WAYS OF ERADICATING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG PUBLIC

Full Project – WAYS OF ERADICATING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background Of the Study

In this era of technological advancement, there is a possibility for a fast association of knowledge in all fields of human endeavours. The health care delivery system of Ikpoba OkhaLocal Government is being geared towards aligning with the national goal on “health for all”. One way of achieving this goal is through the education of primary school pupils on better health care. This is certainly one of the domains of physical and health education. Health education is designed for primary school level to educate the pupils about common diseases in our immediate environment and their prevention.

Communicable diseases among public primary school pupils are a significant public health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these diseases, such as influenza, chickenpox, and measles, can spread rapidly in school settings due to close contact among students (WHO, 2019). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also highlights the importance of understanding the transmission dynamics of these diseases to implement effective control measures (CDC, 2020).

One of the most effective ways to eradicate communicable diseases is through vaccination. Vaccines have been proven to reduce the incidence of diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella significantly (Plotkin, Orenstein, & Offit, 2018). The WHO and UNICEF have initiated several vaccination campaigns targeting school-aged children, which have resulted in a substantial decrease in disease prevalence (WHO & UNICEF, 2020).

Another approach is promoting good hygiene practices. Handwashing with soap, for instance, can prevent the spread of many diseases. A study by Ejemot-Nwadiaro et al. (2015) found that regular handwashing could reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases by 30%. Schools can play a crucial role in teaching and reinforcing these practices.

School health programs are also instrumental in eradicating communicable diseases. These programs can provide health education, screen for diseases, and provide necessary treatment. According to a report by the CDC (2015), school health programs have been successful in controlling diseases like tuberculosis and hepatitis B.

Environmental sanitation is another critical factor. A clean school environment can significantly reduce the spread of diseases. A study by Freeman et al. (2017) found that improved sanitation in schools reduced diarrheal disease incidence by 22%.

In conclusion, eradicating communicable diseases among public primary school pupils requires a multifaceted approach, including vaccination, hygiene promotion, school health programs, and environmental sanitation. Continued research and collaboration among health organizations, schools, and communities are necessary to achieve this goal.

Also health education can also bridge the gap, reduce some of our environmental hazards for the welfare of every citizen. It is well known that children are exposed to various hazards of communicable diseases, it is necessary to guide the children from these diseases. Therefore, the teacher should be very much concerned with the health welfare and survival of his pupils. Communicable diseases in the past have been “endemic” and now it has become “sporadic” because of the awareness of this study. As the name implies communicable disease is derived from the combination of two words, communicable and disease. Communicable is an illness that can be in exchanged, share, transmit or imparted.

Disease is an unfavourable condition of an organism caused by micro-organisms as a result of illness, disorder of the body or mind. Communicable diseases are sometimes referred to as infectious diseases. They are the diseases which are communicated from one person to another or from animals to man through personal contacts like air, water, dust or the use of personal belonging or families. The communicable diseases that are common in pupils in primary schools include; chicken pox, measles, cholera, whooping cough, typhoid, tuberculosis, craw-craw, poliomyelitis (infant paralysis). The research is intended to carryout the overview of communicable diseases among primary school pupils. It is also intended to give useful advice and suggestions to teachers in primary school in particular on how to prevent the spread of these communicable diseases among the pupils in primary school in Ikpoba OkhaLocal Government Area.

Statement Of Problem

Communicable diseases among public primary school pupils in Nigeria pose a significant problem that requires urgent attention. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018), Nigeria has one of the highest rates of communicable diseases among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The high prevalence of these diseases is attributed to poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water, and inadequate health education (UNICEF, 2019).

The impact of communicable diseases on the education sector is profound. A study by Afolabi et al. (2017) found that communicable diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections are leading causes of absenteeism in Nigerian primary schools. This absenteeism disrupts the learning process, leading to poor academic performance and high dropout rates.

The Nigerian government has made efforts to address this issue. The National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA, 2016) has implemented several programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of communicable diseases among school-aged children. However, these efforts have been hampered by inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and lack of community participation (Adeyemo, 2020).

There is a need for more comprehensive and effective strategies to eradicate communicable diseases among public primary school pupils in Nigeria. According to Okeke and Eze (2018), these strategies should include improving sanitation facilities in schools, providing access to clean water, and implementing health education programs.

However, the implementation of these strategies faces several challenges. A study by Uzochukwu et al. (2019) found that many Nigerian primary schools lack the necessary resources to improve sanitation facilities and provide clean water. Additionally, health education programs are often not prioritized in the school curriculum.

The problem of communicable diseases among public primary school pupils in Nigeria is complex and multifaceted. It requires a multi-sectoral approach that involves the government, the education sector, the health sector, and the community. More research is needed to identify effective and sustainable strategies for eradicating these diseases.

Purpose Of The Study

The purpose of writing this project is as follows;

To identify the communicable diseases that is prevalent in primary schools in Ikpoba OkhaLocal Government Area of Edo State.
To find out the effects of communicable diseases on the pupils and the society at large.
To outline the various causes of the diseases.
To reduce and control the diseases among primary school pupils in Ikpoba OkhaLocal Government Area of Edo State.
To examine the nature and scope of communicable diseases.

1.4. Research Questions

What are the prevalent communicable diseases among primary school pupils in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State?
What are the effects of these communicable diseases on the pupils and the society at large?
What are the various causes of these communicable diseases among primary school pupils in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State?
What strategies can be implemented to reduce and control these diseases among primary school pupils in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State?
What is the nature and scope of communicable diseases among primary school pupils in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State?

Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below

Ho: Communicable diseases have no significant impact on the health of primary school pupils

H1: Communicable diseases have significant impact on the health of primary school pupils

Significance Of The Study

The importance of this study cannot be overemphasized.

The significance of studying ways to eradicate communicable diseases among public primary schools in Nigeria is multi-faceted. Firstly, it is crucial for the health and well-being of the children attending these schools. Communicable diseases can spread rapidly in a school environment due to close contact and shared resources. By studying and implementing effective strategies to combat these diseases, we can significantly reduce the incidence of illness among students, thereby improving their overall health and quality of life.

Reducing the prevalence of communicable diseases in schools can have a profound impact on educational outcomes. When children are frequently absent due to illness, their learning is disrupted, which can lead to poor academic performance. By ensuring a healthier school environment, we can enhance students’ ability to focus on their studies, thereby improving their academic achievement and future prospects.

The study of eradicating communicable diseases in schools can provide valuable insights for broader public health initiatives. Schools are microcosms of the larger community, and strategies that are effective in schools may also be applicable in other community settings. Thus, this study could contribute to the development of comprehensive public health strategies to combat communicable diseases in Nigeria as a whole.

The study can also contribute to the development of policies and guidelines for school health in Nigeria. Currently, there is a lack of standardized protocols for managing communicable diseases in schools. This study could provide the evidence base needed to develop such protocols, thereby helping to ensure that all schools have the resources and knowledge to effectively manage these diseases.

The study can also have economic implications. The cost of treating communicable diseases can be a significant burden on families and the healthcare system. By reducing the incidence of these diseases, we can also reduce these costs, thereby contributing to economic stability and development.

Lastly, the study can also contribute to global health efforts. Communicable diseases are a global problem, and strategies developed in Nigeria could potentially be adapted and applied in other countries. Thus, this study could have a far-reaching impact, contributing to the global fight against communicable diseases.

1.7. Scope Of The Study

The study examines the ways of eradicating communicable diseases among public primary school pupils in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The study is limited to Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Eradicating: This term refers to the act of completely removing or eliminating something. In the context of communicable diseases, eradicating means completely eliminating the occurrence and spread of these diseases.

Communicable Diseases: These are diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another. They can be spread through various means such as physical contact, through the air, by insects or animals, and through contaminated food or water.

Public Primary School: This is a type of school that is maintained at public expense for the education of the children of a community or district. They provide the first stage of compulsory education and are normally designed for children between the ages of 5 and 11.

Pupils: This term refers to students who are enrolled in a school. In the context of a primary school, pupils are the young learners who are attending the school to receive their basic education.

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