Full Project – The role of tree planting in the control of desertification

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

In our country Nigeria, desertification problem is now being recognized to be most limiting factor affecting agricultural and other favorable condition of the people in the northern part of this country especially the region found in the extreme north. This problem arise as a result of rapid deforestation with very little a forestation, gradually trees that are use for shelter belt and or ornamental purpose responsible to prevent the desertification in Nigeria from the neighboring countries were cut down without being replaced with others. This results into the following phenomenon (Raymond et al, 1992) Simultaneous soil degradation, Decrease in the amount of rainfall, Increase in the range of temperature and speed of the wind

As a result of these change, the level of Agricultural productivity in this region is found to be decreasing drastically. This consequently leads to decision on how to eradicate these problems throughout the regions affected. This lead to various tiers of government in this country to embark on decision to create various organization or Agricultural agencies especially federal, state government. To be responsible to grow and replace the trees that had been cutoff previously and create awareness to the people through mass campaing about the dangers associated with cutting of trees and also taught those people the various methods by which they can minimized the destruction of trees for some daily activities.

Agricultural agencies such as Katsina Agricultural and development project (KTARDA), Ministry of Agricultural Katsina state (MOA), Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (KTAPU), (EEC/KTSG) European Economic Community/Katsina State Government and International Fund for Agricultural Development Project (IFAD-CBARDP) agencies were established in the state for which part of their objectives is to enlightened people on how to raise and nurse different types of tree seedlings and transplant them by themselves in either small portion of primarily to check rate of desertification and efficiently on afforestation process.

1.1 The Tree planting

Tree planting is simply the act of growing trees this could be for economic, aesthetic or environment beautification and protection reasons. Tree planting is a long lasting investment and empowerment resources for creating wealth for generation yet unborn. It is an investment where one cannot lose money (Badejo, 2008).

Tree planting is an aspect of habitat conservation, tree planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purpose, it differs from the transplanting of larger trees in orboriculture and from lower to less reliable distribution of tree seeds (David, 2006).

In silviculture, the activity is known as afforestation defending on whether the area being planted has or has not recently been forested. It involves planting seedling over an area of land where the forest has been harvested or damaged by fire or diseases or insects. Tree planting is carried out in many different parts of the world and strategies may differ widely across nations and regions and among individual reforestation companies. Tree planting is grounded in forest sciences and if performed properly can result in the successful regeneration of a deforested area (David, 2006).

Tree planting corrects the economic inbalance of the national growth and development. Tree planting is an antidote to climate change, garment tools for national development in most countries of the world (Badejo, 2008).

It is quiet certain that forests are vast reservoirs of hidden wealth waiting to be tapped by the enduring ones with courage to innovate on the many up streams and down streams links in the forestry process chain of biomass with potential for development including the system for generating energy from tree to fuel. This gives credence to important role of forest in human life (Badejo, 2008).

1.2 The Role of Tree Planting

Tree planting and its subsequent growth are nature supported. It is better described as nature business. One does not need power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN or NEPA) and other high cost infrastructural facilities and management cost for its planting, cultivation, nurturing and harvesting i.e. logging. It is long gestation period perhaps militate against people’s awareness of its hidden treasures and profitability (Badejo, 2008).

Tree is the first know raw materials and the early settlement for human, it is most commonly used for human daily need among other know forest resources. Unfortunately, white collar jobs and easy access to petro naira has blind folded Nigeria’s coupled with the misplacement of the national priorities away from the valuable reality of life and the profitable economic sector especially in the area of agriculture and tree planting is particular. Trees are one of the resources that can grow well in all the geographical zones of Nigeria.

The avenue trees in Kebbi, Sokkoto, Zamfara, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Yobe, Borno, Adamawa and most northern state ( Abuja inclusive).

Like any other plant, trees are planted during the annual planting season. This is usually between March mostly April to July rainy season, sometimes up to September every year. There is no age limit for investor in tree planting. It is a guaranteed profitable investment for the future. If a generation plants trees, the coming generation could harvest the tree as a better heritage of greater value.

The trees require adequate spacing about 3 – 3.5m in straight rows to one another when planted for rapid and robust growth. Different species of trees have different growth rates, as well as canopy and rows from nation, they control and dominate their immediate environment with their canopy. For this Phenomenon, trees of different species are generally not planted together, hence some species may be prone to suffocation which may retard or suppress their growth rate and sequenytly seed production, that’s why natural and upland forests produce a negligible number of matured trees per acre (Badejo, 2008).

1.3 Desertification

Desertification is the development of desert like conditions in regions that have experienced human disturbance such as deforestation, over grazing or pruning managed agriculture. Although, the extent of the world’s desert expand and contracts in a phenomenon induced by human activities. Land alteration usually brings with it modification of local climate conditions. Desertification can occur by spreading of sand dunes or compaction of soil due to over use by over farming (Laura, 2008). Desertification refers to total decline in productivity and vegetation cover of arid and semi-arid soil caused by natural and man-made anthropogenic stress (Raymond, et al, 1992).

1.4 Problem statement

This study is was intended to find out the effect of desertification problem to farmers particularly in Kusada local Government, Katsina state and find out the role of tree planting in the controlling the problems of desertification.

Desertification disaster is caused by indiscrimate clearing and destruction of forest (Deforestation), in appropriate land cultivation, over grazing and also increase in the speed and intensity of erosion.

1.5 Aims and Objectives of the Study

To identify the factors that cause desertification in Kusada local government area.
To determine the number and species of tree planted in the local government
To determine the socio – economic characteristics of the respondents.
To assess the effect of desertification problem in the study area.

1.6 Justification of the study

This was design to know the awareness about desertification control by the role of tree planting in case study of Kusada local government area in Katsina state. This will definitely lead to high agricultural productivity once the awareness has been used. This study will enhance good soil conservation practices and also discourage practices capable of causing or accelerating the rate of desertification in the study area. It will lead to reduction in natural disaster and increase in bio diversity.

1.7 Limitation of the study

This study was limited to Kusada local government area in Katsina state only on areas prone to desertification.

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Full Project – The role of tree planting in the control of desertification

Full Project – The role of tree planting in the control of desertification

Full Project – The role of tree planting in the control of desertification

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