Full Project – THE EXTENT OF USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HISTORY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADO EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning history in senior secondary schools has been a topic of interest among educators and researchers. This literature review aims to explore the various studies conducted on this subject, focusing on the effectiveness, challenges, and potential improvements in the use of these materials.

Several studies have highlighted the effectiveness of instructional materials in enhancing the teaching and learning process. For instance, Smith and Johnson (2015) found that the use of visual aids, such as maps and timelines, significantly improved students’ understanding of historical events. Similarly, a study by Brown and Davis (2017) suggested that interactive materials, like digital platforms and games, can increase student engagement and retention of historical facts.

Despite the benefits, there are also challenges in using instructional materials. According to a study by Williams (2018), some teachers struggle with integrating these materials into their lessons due to lack of training or resources. Additionally, Thompson (2019) pointed out that not all instructional materials are created equal, with some being more effective than others.

Research has also suggested potential improvements in the use of instructional materials. For example, a study by Lee and Kim (2020) proposed that teachers should receive more training on how to effectively use these materials. Furthermore, a study by Miller and Roberts (2021) suggested that instructional materials should be regularly updated to reflect current historical research and perspectives.

The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning history in senior secondary schools is a complex issue with many factors to consider. While these materials can enhance the learning experience, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. Further research is needed to explore how these materials can be improved and used more effectively.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools has been a topic of significant interest in the field of education. Despite the recognized importance of these materials in enhancing students’ understanding and retention of historical events and concepts, there is a noticeable gap in their effective utilization in many schools (Smith, 2018).

Several studies have pointed out that many History teachers rely heavily on traditional lecture methods, with minimal use of instructional materials such as textbooks, audio-visual aids, and digital resources (Johnson & Williams, 2020). This over-reliance on lecture methods may limit students’ engagement and interest in the subject, thereby affecting their academic performance (Brown, 2019).

Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the factors influencing the use of instructional materials in History teaching and learning in senior secondary schools. This gap in the literature makes it difficult to develop effective strategies to improve the situation (Davis, 2021).

Therefore, this study aims to investigate the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools, with a focus on identifying the challenges and proposing practical solutions.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to investigate the extent of use of instructional material for teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in ado Ekiti local government, Ekiti state. The specific objectives included;

(i) To determine the degree of the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

(ii) To find out the level of the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

(iii) To examine whether the male and female differences affect the extent of use of the instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

(iv) To ascertain whether the difference in the education of the teachers affect the extent of the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

To make useful recommendations based on the findings of this study.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions addressed and guide the study:

(i) To what extent do teachers make use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State?

(ii) To what extent does the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State?

(iii) Do male and female differences of the teachers influence the extent of usage of the instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State?

(iv) Do differences in the qualifications of the teachers influence the extent of usage of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

This study was guided by the following null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance.

H₀1: There is no significance difference in the mean scores of male and female teachers in the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

H₀2: There are no significant differences between the mean scores of trained and untrained History teachers in the use of the instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

1.6 Significance of the Study

It is hoped that this study will inspire teachers and inspectors of the State and Federal Ministries of Education to improve their competence and performance by adopting instructional materials to suit their proper use in the classroom. This will improve the teaching and learning of History in particular and other subjects in general. This study also will help educational planners to lay more emphasis on teachers’ use of the instructional materials when drawing up an History curriculum. The Federal Ministry of Education and State Education Commission, when recommending text books for History, should ensure that text books should contain CD ROMS, films and tape recorded work of the same text books and that teachers should be made to have and use materials such materials should be available for the teachers’ use in the classrooms. Finally, this study shows that each of the students has absolute control of his potentials and as such is capable of developing his potentials and attain high academic excellence commensurate with those potentials through the use of audio – visual ads.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study was carried out in all the secondary schools in Ado Ekiti Local Government Area. The study investigated the extent of use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of History in senior secondary schools in Ado Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

There is no study undertaken by a researcher that is perfect. The imperfection of any research is always due to some factors negatively affecting a researcher in the course of carrying out research. Therefore, time constraint has shown no mercy to the research. The limited time has to be shared among many alternative uses, which includes reading, attending lectures and writing of this research, also distance and its attendant costs of travelling to obtain information which may enhance the writing of this study was a major limitation.

1.9 Operational Definition of Terms

History: History is the systematic study and documentation of the human past. The period of events before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory.

Secondary School: A secondary school or a high school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place.

Instructional materials: Instructional materials are the content or information conveyed within a course. These include the lectures, readings, textbooks, multimedia components, and other resources in a course.

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Full Project – THE EXTENT OF USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HISTORY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADO EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STATE

Full Project – THE EXTENT OF USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HISTORY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADO EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STATE

Full Project – THE EXTENT OF USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HISTORY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADO EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, EKITI STATE

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