Full Project – The effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Laportea Aestuans on the kidney function indices of Alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

Diseases of the kidney are commonly find in people with diabetes, with up to half demonstrating signs of kidney damage in their life time (Warram, 1996, Reenders, 1993). Kidney disease can be particularly devastating complication, as it is associated with significant reductions in both length and quality of life (Bell, 2001).

A variety of forms of kidney disease can be seen in people with diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy, ischemic damage related to vascular disease and hypertension, as well as other renal diseases that are unrelated to diabetes. The Potential of plants as a veritable source for pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic materials have been emphasized plants have formed the basis of traditional system of medicine that have been in existence for thousands of years and continue to provide human kind with medicinal remedies (Gerhauser et al., 1997).

 

Plants have always been among the common sources of medicines, either processed as traditional preparations or used to extract pure active principles. Several studies have shown that plant provide good sources of remedies against several diseases and aliment (Dash et al., 2015). The medicinal relevance of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body (Tasneet et al., 2013).

Many herbal plants have been reported to possess phytochemical constituents that are essentially responsible for such the rapeutic activities as: antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and wound healing properties (Zangeneh 2018, Mahdav, et al., 2019). Reports on the reno-hepatic and anti-diabetic properties of medicinal plamnts have been recorded by analysing biochemical and histological parametre of kidney, liver and pancreas (Zangeneh et al., 2018).

Studies have suggested that medicinal plants can be useful in controlling blood glucose level (Zangehen et al., 2020), improve renal biomarkers and restore hepatic functions (Abdallah et al., 2020). Laportea aestuans belongs to the family Urticaceae. It is an herbaceous plant which appears as weed in new cultivations and fallows in West India, Africa and Asia. It is used traditionally as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, febrifuge, laxative, painkiller, in pulmonary and stomach troubles amongst others (Okereke et al., 2014). It is also used in treating pulmonary and stomach troubles, diarrhea and dysentery (Elekwa et al., 2014).

Alloxan (2,4,5,6 – tetraoypyrimidine, 2,4,5,6 – pyrymidinetetrone) is an oxygenated pyrimidine derivative which is present as alloxan hydrate in ageous solution (Wohler). The toxic action of alloxan on pancreatic (-SH groups), inhibits glucokinase enzyme and brings about the generation of free radicals and disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis (Szkudelski 2001, Dhanesha 2012).

 

Vernacular Name:          Ntan

English Name:               Hen’s Nettle, Hawai’s wood nettle, Stinging Nettle.

Hindi Name:                  Bichata, Bichua

Malayalam Name:          Batti-Schoringenam, Aanathumba.

 

1.2     Aim of the Study

This research work was aimed at investigating the effect of Ethanolic leaf extract of Laportea aestuans on the kidney functions indices (Urea, Creatinine and Uric acids) of alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats.

 

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The following were the objectives of the study:

• To investigate the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Laportea aestuan on the serum Urea concentration of alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rat.
• To investigate the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Laportea aestuan on the serum Creatinine concentration of alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rat.
• To investigate the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Laportea aestuan on the serum Uric Acid concentration of alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rat.

 

 

1.4     Scope and Limitations

The present study deals concisely on investigating the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Laportea aestuans on the kidney functions (Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid) of alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats. However, the scope was limited to kidney function only due to time, financial constraints as well as the level of study.

 

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Full Project – The effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Laportea Aestuans on the kidney function indices of Alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats