Full Project – Impact of poverty and sociocultural impediment on children education

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Universal access to free basic education is key element of child rights, embodies in articles 29 to the convention on the right of the child “Anthony Hodges (2011) which prescribes that the child has a right to education and the starts duty is to ensure that primary education is free and compulsory” convention on the elimination of all form of discrimination against women (Articles 10) up hold the right of discrimination against women in access to educational opportunities.

As has been noted above the national program of action for survival protection and development of the Nigeria child set the goals of achieving 100% percent environments in basic education by the years 2000. The national program of action for the survival protection and development of the Nigeria child also aimed to remove all burrier to the active participation of women and girls in education policy, going back to 1976, and this was extended in (1999) by the adoption of the universal basic education program which aim to provide access to Junior Secondary School as well as primary education for all children. Under the nation policy on education, adopted in 1931 revised in 1995 and 1998. Nigeria has a 6.3.3.4 education system comprised for six years in primary, three years of Junior Secondary education, three years for senior secondary education, and four tears for tertiary institution. Thus, under universal basic education, the 1 year of schooling up of the end of junior secondary now constitute the basic education system. The system also includes adult and non-formal education programs as well as teacher training and special education, notable for children with disability.

Timothy (2018) state that education as the process by which each generation of human being. Learns the thing that were known by human being before them. It includes both the teaching and the learning of knowledge. Miguel (2012) indicate that education is the process by which people abilities and talent are developed education in this broad sense is also everything that is learned are acquired in a life time, habit skills knowledge, interest, attitude and personally from this stand point people become educated not merely by attending schools but by the total experiences, limitation and self-teaching. They learn from their parents and friends from such institution as churches and their libraries from recreational and social agencies such as clubs and from the press, nation pictures, radio, television and so like.

Ernesto (2014) points out that education refers to the process where by an individual gate his total performance in other word it can be review end as a method of leading people out of ignorance means of socializing human beings or the bringing up of children in the community and constantly raining them to adults to the charging word around them.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Poverty has become increasingly widespread since the collapse of the oil boom in the early 1980s, which causes serious intensification of poverty in the period between 1992 and 1996, with large increase in the proportion of both living below the poverty line in 1996 with higher proportions in the rural arrears this inhibits the access of many children of education. Problems of early childhood education in Nguru has struggled to find its footing years after Nigeria’s independence. The transition from being a colony to an independent country had a significant effect on all areas of life, but it effected education the most. over the years, many of the problems in education have been addressed in one way or another. Nevertheless, problem of childhood education still has many issues and challenges. As the nation grew, so did the demand for early education institutions. In the last decade or so, a lot of early education institutions have emerged. However, quantity does not equal quality. That is why many of these institutions cannot offer quality services. The education they provide is irregular and substandard, and the care for the children is often unsatisfactory. One of the biggest problems in today’s early childhood education in Nguru is the lack of qualified teachers. Many early education institutions severely underpay their staff, which negatively affects the employment rates. Those teachers that agree to the low pay are often unqualified for the task at hand. Of course, there is always an option of a private nursery school. They employ teachers that actually have the proper qualifications and the level of professionalism. Nevertheless, not that many people can afford to pay the tuition fees. Therefore, they have no choice but to deal with subpar learning conditions for their child. Most of the early childhood education institutions do not only provide mediocre education, but they also cannot offer decent care for children. As we have mentioned before, many teachers are not exactly qualified for their positions. This means that many of them do not know how to deal with kids at all, especially with children as young as three years old. in addition to that, barely any early childhood education institutions have enough staff to handle the children. The approved ratio of teacher to pupil is 1:25. For many institutions, this ratio is not very beneficial, which is why the classes are overpopulated, and many kids do not receive the attention they deserve. At the same time, this problem lies deeper, as not that many people want to pursue a profession in early childhood education in the first place. They see how bad things are, so they settle for something more stable and profitable. another issue that might seem minor to some but very important to others is the implementation of native tongues into early childhood education. Most of the institutions operate using English only, and it is understandable. However, children would benefit from learning more about their native languages. One of the main reasons why the situation with early childhood education is so unsatisfactory is the lack of effective supervision of institutions that provide early childhood education. Technically, nursing schools and other similar institutions have to be visited by officials from the Ministry of Education prior to their opening and checked regularly afterwards. In reality, this rarely happens, so there is little to no quality control.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the study are state as follows:

To examine the external factors that causes low level of learning achievements.
To find out the effects of socio- cultural factors such as early marriage as a causal factor for girls drops from schools.
To determine the effect of poverty among the parents of girl’s child education
- RESEARCH QUESTION
What are the external factors that cause low level of learning achievement?
What are the effects of poverty on the education of low-income families?

Is there relationship between schooling and poverty?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

There is no significance different between the external factors that cause low level of learning achievement.
- SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

A significant of study would help to solve some of the following:

The study will help to enlighten the general public on the effect of poverty and socio-cultural impediments to education.
It will serve as a database for providing information to researchers who may make research on the same topic with reference information.
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is limited to Yobe state area due to lack of sufficient time and money to cover wider range of area. It is hope that the recommendation that will be made later will helping no small area in some of the countries of leading poverty which students as a socio-cultural impediment to education.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

These are strong terms their research had encounter during the process of working research work their meanings interpreted.

Poverty: quality of being poor
Convention: the act of coming together
Discrimination: the act of distinguishing
Equity: right judgment
Abhors: think of somebody with hated
Intensification: highly emotional
Proportion: relation of one thing to another in quality
Collapse: fall down

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