Full Project – IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the Impact of Human Resource Management Practices in Government Secondary School in Obi Local Government Area of Benue State Nigeria in Benue State. Specifically, the study was aimed at examining the functions and roles of the school human resource management in public secondary schools, examine human resources management leadership styles and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, and assess ways through which human resources managers in schools can motivate teachers and the impact to enhancing quality education effectiveness in secondary schools. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 230 responses were validated from the survey. From the responses obtained and analysed, the findings revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between human resource management functions and secondary school effectiveness. Also, the findings revealed that there is a significant positive influence of management styles on teachers’ productivity and job satisfaction in public secondary schools. Furthermore, the findings revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between motivation and teacher’s productivity in public secondary schools effectiveness. The study therefore recommend that training and development programmes/policy should be introduce and monitor to ensure the implementation like in-service course for teachers, staff seminar like induction courses, on-the-job-training, off-the-job-training. Refreshers courses etc. Also, human resource management should have sound policies in respect of staff transfer and promotion to ensure that justices and fairness prevail in dealing with the staff. More so, teachers who are the bedrock of any education system need to be treated fairly well in terms of prompt settlements of their entitlements and enjoyment of other benefits enjoyed by other public servants. So that the desire of the government, parents and solicit for an improved educational system will be a hopeful dream and not a night mare; and investment in education will be very beneficial to society in the final analysis.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Human resource management practices play a crucial role in the overall functioning and success of government secondary schools. These practices encompass various aspects, such as recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and employee motivation. The effective implementation of these practices can significantly impact the quality of education provided and the overall performance of the school.

Success in a business is a function of many variables, including the quality of human resources and infrastructural facilities available to the organization or institutions’ administrators to coordinate the various resources and activities of the enterprise toward objective accomplishment through management. A successful coordination of institutional resources, both human capital and material resources is significantly characterizes by the development and application of strategic principles to the process of managerial decision making.

This requires effective and efficient implementation of objectives and functions of management and principles that underlie and facilitate effective coordination and utilization of resources towards the accomplishment of an institution objectives and mission statement.

Mankind involvements in management processes are as old as the history of creation. For instance, in African culture and traditions, it is learned in their existence to organize themselves into small groups either hunting, farming, building houses, fishing or dancing in the village square, with a group leader to direct and shows others how to work towards the accomplishment of groups goals. Once leaders are emerged and were accepted by the rest of the groups as their leaders, they wielded power and authority over the rest of the group, this is an aspect of management, hence it leads to attainment of specific group objectives. Management is dynamic phenomenon in human existence, be it in administration or institution.

Effiong, (1995). Said that management may be defined specifically as the process of getting things done through people by planning, organizing, directing, co-coordinating and controlling and their activities for the purpose of accomplishing objectives. Human resources is a major factor of production and because of the unpredictable nature of human being, arises the need to have a manager(s) to give direction and manage every persons in an organization.

Organizational effectiveness , the capacity of an organization to adopt, maintain itself, survive, and grow in the face of changing conditions, depends to a considerable degree upon how effectively its work force can be manage and utilized. This is because the human resources of an organization which comprise all individuals regardless of their role and status, who are engaged in any of the organization’s activities are its most important and valuable assets.

Health field (2014) asserts that human resources management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on the recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in an organization.

The HRM department members provide the knowledge, necessary tools, training, administrative services, coaching, legal and management advice, and talent management oversight that the rest of the organization needs for successful operation. They are charged with over sight responsibilities to ensure that their organization appropriately build teams and inspires employees empowerment.

Tracey (2015) defines Human Resources as the people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization. Human resource is people who work for an organization in jobs.

Human resources are considered eminent, to the fact that people are an organization’s most important resources.

Tracey (2015) contends Human Resources is also the name of the department or functional area from which the employees provide HR service to the rest of the organization. People are an organization asset. Employees must be hired, satisfied, motivated, developed and retained.

Human beings or people need to be motivated or inspired towards successful implementation of ideal process. A number of theories have been propounded by behavioral Scientists on people behaviour towards carrying out responsibilities. One such behavioural School of thought, Douglas McGregor (1960) propounded two theories about the nature of human beings. These are theories Y and X.

According to Douglas Mc Gregor (1960) the average person naturally dislikes work and will avoid it if he can. Most people therefore need to be coerced, controlled, directed or threatened with punishment to get them to work toward attainment of organizational objectives.

Thus, people have become a critical factor in the attainment of organization goals because all the organizational activities are determined by persons who made up the organization, either willing or coerced to work, without which infrastructural facilities used in the organization are unproductive on their own except for human effort and direction, hence good organizational structure does not guarantee enhance performance and increased productivity except with well managed human resources managers towards achieving the goal of the organization.

However, this is applicable to educational institutions and secondary school administration.

In the educational setting as an institution of teaching – learning process, teachers are key factors in the school system.

The quality of secondary school education depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties and job satisfaction.

According to Afe, (2001)Teacher have been shown to have an importance influence on student academic performance and also play a crucial role in the education set standards because the teacher is ultimately responsible for translating policy into action and principle based on practice during interaction with students

The responsibility of school administrators or managers in the area of human resource management cover different aspects of teachers matters, this include appointment, promotion, retaining and successful planning to ensure that teachers are given opportunities for professional development to reflect on their job performance and service delivery.

The Success of school administration just like any other organizations or institutions is based on the establishment of good work environment geared towards the advancement of the productive capacities of the workers.

In order to attain the expected, there should be a leader who will coordinate, control and direct both human and non human resources applicable to the schools.

Effiong, (1995) opined that human resource management refers to individual who perform leadership roles in an organization.

According to Olayote, (2004). In an organization the most important information as regards employees is a validated measure of his level of job satisfaction and the process of stimulating him to willingly perform better in the pursuit of organizational objectives. School administrators should do their best to make teachers satisfied in performing their task because poor motivation would certainly reflect on students academic performance and results.

Teachers have to be motivated on their job performance in order to be committed and impact positively on the teaching learning process at schools.

Nwogbo, (2001) stressed that therefore to ensure the attainment of both the organizational and individual goals, management and school administrators should relates rewards to task performance, rewards process must respond creatively to employee’s needs as well as those of the organization, when this is done effectively, job satisfaction will result.

The Willingness of the workers to attain the desired goals depends to a large extent on how appropriately they are rewarded as well as motivated on their job.

Kester, (2004) assert, then Benue state teachers were not financially motivated they experienced undue irregularity and in the payment of their salaries and allowances “ it would stifle and discourage high teachers’ class room performance .

According to Afe, (2011). efficient management and investment in the teachers in terms of satisfaction, motivation and development is very important in a school system. The extent which and dedication with which teachers carryout quality teaching – learning process depends largely on their capability, commitment and motivation.

Human resource management in secondary school could be effective and impact positively in all and sundry and teaching – learning process as well as quality education if the secondary school human resources personnel would realized that human resources management (HRM) is:- Human resource management is organizational function that deals with or provides leadership and advice for dealing with all issues related to the people in an organization; HRM as such, deals with compensation, hiring performance management, organization development, safety, wellness benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration and training; HRM is also a strategic and comprehensive approaching to managing people and the work place culture and environment; Effective human resource management enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives; and It is now expected to add value to the strategic utilization of employee and to ensure that employee programs recommended and implemented impact the business in positive measurable ways.

1.2 Statement of the problems

One of the major challenges in human resource management practices in government secondary schools is the lack of proper recruitment and selection processes. Often, these schools face difficulties in attracting and hiring qualified and competent teachers. This can lead to a decline in the quality of education provided to students, as teachers play a crucial role in shaping their learning experiences.

Another issue is the inadequate training and development opportunities for teachers in government secondary schools. Due to budget constraints and limited resources, these schools often struggle to provide ongoing professional development programs for their staff. As a result, teachers may not have access to the latest teaching methodologies and may not be equipped to handle the evolving needs of students.

The problem of retention is also prevalent in government secondary schools. Many teachers, especially those who are highly skilled and experienced, often leave these schools for better opportunities in the private sector or other government institutions. This turnover can disrupt the continuity of education and create a shortage of qualified teachers in these schools.

Additionally, the lack of performance evaluation systems in government secondary schools poses a challenge in managing human resources effectively. Without proper evaluation mechanisms, it becomes difficult to identify and address underperforming teachers or reward high-performing ones. This can lead to a demotivated workforce and hinder the overall performance of the school.

The bureaucratic nature of government institutions can also hinder effective human resource management practices in secondary schools. Decision-making processes may be slow and bureaucratic, making it challenging to implement necessary changes or address issues promptly. This can result in a lack of flexibility and adaptability in managing human resources.

Lastly, the absence of a comprehensive career development framework in government secondary schools can be a significant problem. Teachers may not have clear pathways for career progression or opportunities for growth within the school system. This can lead to a lack of motivation and job satisfaction among teachers, ultimately affecting the quality of education provided to students.

1.3 Purpose of the study

The general purpose of the study is to determine Impact of Human Resource Management Practices in Government Secondary School in Obi Local Government Area of Benue State Nigeria.

However, the study seeks to:-

Examine the functions and roles of the school human resource management in public secondary schools.
Examine human resources management leadership styles and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools.
Assess ways through which human resources managers in schools can motivate teachers and the impact to enhancing quality education effectiveness in secondary schools.

1.4 Research questions

What are the functions of human resources management to ensure effectiveness of Government Secondary School system?
Does Leadership styles employed by the secondary school principals and vices, influence the productivity level of teachers performance in public secondary schools?
What are the various ways through which school principals motivates teachers in public secondary schools in enhancing quality education and secondary school effectiveness?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Ho1: There is no significant relationship between human resource management functions and secondary school effectiveness.

Ho2: There is no significant influence of management styles on teachers, productivity and job satisfaction in public secondary schools.

Ho3. There is no significant relationship between motivation and teacher’s productivity in public secondary schools effectiveness.

1.6 Significance of the study.

The study is conducted to shed light on the working conditions of teachers in public secondary schools in Benue state. The findings of the study can be useful to both private and public school Managers. A Government Secondary School management that understands the importance of its human resources in the successful and productive running of the school will ensure that the teachers are well managed, sustained and most utilized.

Moreover, it would benefit the government and its policy makers on education matters, recruitment, placement, training, welfare and development of teachers.

There will be well defined structures in terms of responsibilities, functions and roles each individual plays towards the success of the school. with a good structure and system of management, areas of weakness can be easily identified corrected and improved upon.

Finding from the study will be significant in terms of monitoring and assessing teachers’ professional conduct towards job description and satisfactory service delivery.

The teachers will through this study be able to evaluate themselves, in terms of dedication, commitment, discipline and job performance, try to improve on areas of deficiencies.

The general public and specifically parents will benefit from this study because of its contributions to quality education services.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The Study focused on the human resources management and secondary school effectiveness in Benue State Obi LGA.

The study covered 10 public secondary schools in Obi LGAof Benue State.

1.8 Definition of terms

The following terms are defined operationally

Human Resources management: function within an organization that focuses on the recruitment of management of, and providing direction for the people who work in an organization.

Human Resource: the people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization.

Management: the process of getting things done through people by planning, organizing, directing, co-coordinating and controlling their activities for the purpose of accomplishing objectives.

System: it is the style or pattern adopted by school managers in carrying out their managerial functions.

Teachers: School academic staff who engage in the task of providing education for the students

Productivity: is the average measure of the efficiency of teachers in their job performance.

Job Satisfaction: shows how satisfied and contended the teachers are with their job and welfare conditions

Motivation: the process of stimulating the desire and output of the teachers to be committed, continually interested on their job their job through rewards and incentives.

School Effectiveness: It constitutes peaceful environmental condition of the school, good students academic and behaviourial performance, staffs good attitude towards teaching, etc.

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Full Project – IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE NIGERIA

Full Project – IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE NIGERIA

Full Project – IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE NIGERIA

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