Full Project – IMPACT OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG CHILD BEARING MOTHER A CASE STUDY OF BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN NIGER STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background Information

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), family planning (FP) is defined as “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. Family planning contributes to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) through healthier birth spacing and by reducing mortality and morbidity associated with pregnancy (Cleland, 2012). Over the years, periods of study and investment in family planning programs have led in vastly better program coverage and biomedical technology as well as large (though unequal) gains in the use of contraceptives across the majority of developing countries. In developing countries, not all contraceptive options are available, such as a wide range of hormonal regimens and delivery methods for women (e.g., pills, injectables, implants, patches and vaginal rings) as well as improved male and female condoms, spermicides, cervical caps and other vaginal barriers, post-coital (emergency) contraception, improved fertility awareness-based methods and simpler and more morbid methods (UNICEF, 2009).

Some 40 percent of women who recently gave birth said that they did not want to have a baby at all, according to Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in numerous countries. Unmet contraceptive needs among married women might be as high as 30% to 40% in certain countries.. Both of these scenarios represent, to varying degrees, program- and method-related shortcomings, including contraceptive failures for a number of causes, as well as personal and environmental issues such as the partner’s resistance or women’s experiences or worries of side-effects.

A woman’s understanding of contraception changes over the course of her life as she develops her sexual prowess and begins dating and eventually marries and has children (if this hasn’t happened accidentally first); as she gains knowledge and experience about contraception and pregnancy and childbearing; as she contemplates spaci Some women and men will divorce, remarry, and opt to have another kid, while others may carry children (wanted or undesired) outside of marriage or be driven to avoid it. In addition to the many possible settings and contexts, there are a plethora of possible outcomes for each person. In order to address these evolving demands, educational and health sectors must provide complete knowledge on pregnancy risks, appropriate contraceptive alternatives, and accurate and consistent usage. Confronting inefficient methods of contraception, as well as conquering irrational worries of their own, are all part of the treatment plan for teenagers.

A long-term service package tailored to the particular and changing requirements of people and couples and connected to other sexual and reproductive health inputs must be supplied. More and more research has been done on how to make family planning services more user-friendly, how to improve interactions between patients and providers, how to include men in discussions about contraceptive options, all of which can have an impact on sexual expression (e.g., coitus-dependent or independent methods), how to ensure safety, effectiveness, and acceptability for both men and women, and so on.

Counseling clients such as unmarried adolescents who need dual protection; couples wanting to use a natural method; couples wishing to postpone their first pregnancy or space subsequent pregnancies; women or men who want to use a method without their partners’ knowledge; postpartum and breastfeeding women; women receiving post-abortion care; postpartum and breastfeeding women; women who have had unprotected intercourse (including rape victims) Additionally, the medical features of contraception for both male and female users have gained a significant amount of support from the research. Those with unique health issues, such as heavy smokers or those on long-term medication therapies for chronic conditions, have been given special consideration for the method (e.g. antihypertensive agents, antiretroviral drugs). Various illnesses (such as breast, cervical, and testicular malignancies, cardiovascular disease and endometriosis) are now the subject of ongoing research to see if certain techniques have protective or risky effects (Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria, 2009).

Preventing mother and child mortality and morbidity is a major goal of family planning. It’s a vital part of basic health care and reproductive health. Reduced maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity are important benefits of this practice. Individuals, families, communities, and the country as a whole gain greatly from this program. ” Reduced family size improves reproductive health by reducing the likelihood of unintended pregnancies and the number of children born. As a result, it helps to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the target of the Health for All Policy. There must be a 75 percent decrease in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015 and a two-thirds drop in child mortality. Achieving these targets requires efficient use of family planning services health and economic growth around the globe will be improved as a result (Doctor, Olatunji Findley, Afenyadu, and Abdulwahab, 2012).

1.2 Problem Statement

The number and timing of pregnancies in a woman’s reproductive lifespan affects the maternal mortality risk; other factors include the presence of co morbidities, and obstetric care. The effect of these factors is quantifiable by four measures: the number of maternal deaths, the maternal mortality rate (MMRate), the maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio), and the lifetime risk of maternal death.

Increased contraceptive use and subsequent fertility decline results in decreased obstetric risk, mainly by reducing unwanted pregnancies in women of high parity. The risks associated with high parity are seen in parity-specific MMRatios, most of which, in developing countries, are derived from hospital delivery records. MMRatios tend to be raised at parity 1, then become lowered at parities 2–3, then raised again at 4–5, and highest at parities greater than 6. Raised maternal mortality risks at high parities have been seen in Pakistan, Senegal, and west Africa.

1.4. Research Questions

1. What is the level of knowledge of family planning among women of child-bearing age in rural areas of Niger State?
2. What are the attitudes of rural women of child-bearing age towards family planning?
3. What is the level of use of family planning products/methods and services among rural women of child-bearing age?
4. What are the factors associated with utilization of family planning services among rural women of child-bearing age?

1.5       Purpose of the Study

To assess the impact of family planning among child bearing mother A case study of Bida local government area in Niger state. The Specific Objectives are to:

1. To determine the level of knowledge of family planning among women of child-bearing age.
2. To determine the attitudes of rural women of child-bearing age towards family planning.
3. To determine the level of use of family planning products and services among rural women of child-bearing age.
4. To determine the factors associated with utilization of family planning services among women of child-bearing age.

1.6         Scope of the study

The study examines impact of family planning among child bearing mother A case study of Bida local government area in Niger state. The study covered women of child bearing age residing in rural area in Nigeria State of Nigeria. It determined the knowledge, attitude and utilization of family planning services as well as assessed the determinants of utilization of family planning services.

Definition of Terms

Family planning: Family planning is “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility.

Woman of childbearing age: A woman of childbearing age is of an age when women are normally able to give birth to children.

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Full Project – IMPACT OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG CHILD BEARING MOTHER A CASE STUDY OF BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN NIGER STATE