Full Project – Effect of methanol extract of coriandrum sativa of seed on liver function indies and liver histology

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Coriandrum sativum is an important spice crop and occupies a prime position in flavoring substances. It is one of the First species to be used as a common flavouring. The stem leaves and fruits all have a pleasant aromatic odour.

The entire plant when young is used in preparing chutneys and sauces and the leaves are used in flavouring continented curries and soups. The fruits are extensively employed as a condiment in the preparation of curry powder, pickling spices, sausages and seasonings (Awad 2009).

They are also used for flavouring pastry, biscuits, burns and cakes and in flavoring liquors, particularly gin (morsal 2010). Coriander seeds are also known for their medicinal properties and are considered carminattive, diuretictonic,stomachicantibilious, refrigerant and aphrodisiac (Ramadan and Wahdan 2012).

As such coriander is a frequent ingredient in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines and is a traditional home, therapy for different ailments. The new value added products obtained from seeds are also a large demand in international markets (lorbeer 2008). The volatile oil is also used in flavouring liquors and for observing the bad small of medicines (Schenipp 2013).

Plants ingredient is an important source of natural products which differ broadly in their structures, biological properties and mechanism of action. Different phytochemical components especially polyphenols, flavonoids, phenol acids etc. are responsible for the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the plants. Polyphenols possess many biological effects, mainly attributed to their antioxidant activities in scavenging free radicals, inhibition of peroxidation and chelation of transition metals (Nickavar et al, 2006).

Antioxidants reduce oxidative injury to cells and bio-molecules caused by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) (Fiorentino, et al, 2006). The well known protective effects of antioxidants, against oxidative stress-induced diseases have receive increasing attention in recent times, especially within biological, medical and nutritional areas. Among the dietary antioxidants, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites from plants, are the most plentiful natural antioxidants (Fiorentino, et al, 2006). Phenolics act as antioxidants in a number of ways such as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, free radical scavengers and singlet oxygen reducer, therefore, act as well saviours (Fattouch et al, 2007).

Coriander (Coriander Sativu, L.) belongs to the family of Apiceae and genus of coriandrum L. There are only two known genus of the plant:c. Sativum L. and its wild relative between 20 and 140cm, depending on the agro-climatic conditions. Leaves are linear and more divided into narrow linear segments, are used to flavor sauces and curies in indian, Chinese and Mexican cuisine. The stemis erect, thin, sympodial, monochasial and branched with several side branches at the basal node. Each branch ends with an inflorescence. The flowers are small, shortly stalked umbels, pinkish and whitish in color.

The roots are spindle shaped. The fruits are globular or avate; consisting of two pericarps, with a diameter up to 6mm. The essential oil of the seeds lies on the inside of the convex longitudinal vittae and gives the plant is in fact derived from the Greek word ¨Korion¨ which mean bug. The odor profile of different parts of the plant changes dramatically as a result of maturity. Ripe fruits smell differently from unripe seeds and green leaves (ceska, et al, 2009).

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The liver’s highly specialized tissues regulate a wide variety of high volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules, many of which are necessary for the normal vital functions. Hapetic disease indicates damage to the cells, tissues, structures or function of liver, which may be induced by toxic compounds (including drugs) as well as other biological factors. Due to the exposure of the liver to chemicals, drugs and even food that may be toxic to it. Hence, this problem has lead to this present study.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will determine the safety of use of this plant in alternative medicine and as well determine the toxicity level of the plant on liver function parameters

Most of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is the form of oral knowledge and active compounds of herbal remedies bare unknown to the traditional healers. Coriandrum sativa has been reported to exhibit many pharmacological activities ranging from antioxidants, antifungal, antidabetic, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective function. Hence, there is a need to evaluate and ascertain its hepaprotective property.

1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at determining the effects of methanol extracts of coriandrum sativa seed on liver function Indies and liver histology.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

To evaluate the effect of methanol on liver function.
To evaluate the effect of methanol on liver histology.
To determine the liver function parameters of the methanol extract of coriandrum sativa seed.

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