Full Project - ECOLOGICAL PRESERVATION IN TIV TRADITIONAL RELIGION

Full Project – ECOLOGICAL PRESERVATION IN TIV TRADITIONAL RELIGION

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Ecology refers to the study of the interaction or relationship among living creatures like trees and animals and between living creatures and their environment (Nwosu 2014:57). Ecology is a subject of great concern because it has much to do with the wellbeing of human beings and other creatures. For example, if the mode of interaction is not sustainable, it means that nature is abused and, the life supporting system of the earth is in danger. There is a troubling observable ecological phenomenon in Tivland. Trees are fast disappearing. Wildlife and their habitats are fast vanishing. There is growing scarcity of fish in rivers, streams and ponds. Some common creatures like crickets and edible caterpillars among many others are increasingly becoming rare. Rivers, streams and ponds that used to retain water all year round no longer do so. The land is becoming bare and, hence, vulnerable to erosion.

The above is largely due to increase in population, urbanisation, uncontrolled pastoral and nomadic activities, uninhibited and reckless deforestation, hunting, fishing and bush burning as well as wasteful methods of farming that put trees and game animals to destruction. The weather conditions have become irregular; hence, the cases of flooding and drought are common. The experience of floods and droughts are followed by poor crops yield; and the disappearance of plants and trees creates difficulties for botanists, herbalists, building engineers, carpenters and for animal survival.

The reckless felling of trees and bush burning, have created problems for carpenters, herbalists as well as building and other construction engineers. Various species of trees and plants are fast disappearing. There is the scarcity of hardwood for roofing and furniture for homes and offices. Traditional medicine men and herbalists have difficulty finding the needed plants for their medicinal preparations. Botanists no longer have it easy finding the needed species of plants either for teaching in schools or for their useful study. The same is true of zoologists. Farmers are no longer always able to provide adequate food supply for their communities. This is partly due to poor crop yield owing to droughts, erosion and loss of soil nutrients to bush burning.

Denen Aie (in a personal communication, 30/04/2016) affirms that the cutting down and destruction of forest reserves have both dispersed and destroyed wildlife in many places. Many people of the younger generations can only see certain animals in pictures or hear of them in stories and folktales. Fish population in rivers has drastically reduced due to chemical applications in bodies of water and other harmful practices. Desert encroachment, with its harsh effects on human and animals life, is attributed to deforestation and lack of aforestation. The adverse effects of global warming are on the other hand attributed to the emission of industrial and atmospheric gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2). These have constituted a depleting effect on the ozone layer. Depreciating health conditions resulting from lack of good water, malnutrition and harsh weather conditions reportedly lead to outbreaks of cholera, meningitis, skin cancer and other deadly diseases. The breakdown of good health conditions constitutes huge problems for health workers. Most earthquakes are reportedly attributed to careless geological activities like mindless mining. Human dangerous ecological activities and abuse of the ecosystem constitute a telling effect on the means of human livelihood. This, consequently, affects government policies and the economy.

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