Full Project – Design and implementation of a mobile-based voting system

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CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• INTRODUCTION

Voting is a means of selecting or choosing leaders. It does not apply only to local governments, states and federal government of Nigeria but also in different institutions and social organizations. Therefore, the conduct of elections in a democratic society is very important not only because through it a change of government is effected but also because voting is the main form of political participation for most people for democracy to be sound and smooth, it should be enhanced on election free from fraud.

Many centuries ago, most societies were societies were primitive and had not evolved a system of voting to elect the leaders that will govern then and promote societal harmony and peace. This means that people have to devise a system whereby a leader or a set of leaders have elected from the ranks of the people. At that point the idea of voting and being voted for became important and necessary. But before an individual can cast his or her vote, there are certain conditions to be met, one of which is to be registered as a voter.

Since independence in 1960, the Nigeria political scene has witnessed incessant upheavals, wide scale dishonesty and societal bitterness, which in most instances, degenerated into lawlessness and destruction of lives and property. Theses unfortunate situations paved the way for and served as spring boards for the emergence and growth of unskilled democrats and military leaders in the governance of the nation. Many Nigeria’s are disappointed that a post independent 46years-old Nigeria is still operating constitution which does not enjoy an overwhelming national acceptance, as evident in the persistent calls for the convocation of a sovereign’s national conference on the one hand, and the growing demand for ethnic nationalities on the other.

For about four and half decades since independence, the nation had shifted position between parliamentary and presidential system of government, with several military in cursions into polities over the years. Even the present presidential democratic dispensation is still undergoing experimentation with varying degrees of trial and error approach. It is in the light of the foregoing, that this project on voter registration is written to serve as a useful tool of enlightenment in the hands of voters, the electorate and the general public.

However, voter registration is a critical aspect of the electoral process. A credible voter’s register is a prelude to free and fair elections. It is also important for people to know is qualified to vote, where, when and how to vote. Also, a full knowledge of the registration procedure will encourage eligible voters to participate in the electoral process.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The inefficiency of voting process in Uyo has resulted in a lot of problems. These problems have continued to obstruct the peace of democracy in Uyo because the choice of a capable candidate is not encouraged by the current system. The problems could be emendated as follows.

– The high incidence of multiple voting massive transferred of ballot papers and forging of electoral papers using fictitious names.

– Voters apathy due to transportation cost, queues and insecurities.

– Indiscrete manipulation and inflation of election figures by electoral commission officers to suit the interest of their favoured candidates.

– Thuggery operation, fear of intimidation and victimization and smuggling of ballot papers into the ballot boxes.

– The fragile nature of some ballot boxes makes them vulnerable to destruction

– Lost of votes due to either wrong voting or the case of any of accident occurring during transporting of the statement of result forms and other electoral materials to the collation centers.

– The delay in the generation and announcement of the results which gives room for other manipulations.

Therefore, there should be change for data handling.

• PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of design and implementation of mobile-based voting system is to

1. Design a mobile-based voter registration system which will enable users to register from the comfort of their home.
2. Implement a mobile-based voting system to enhance the overall voting process.
3. Improve the standard of voter registration
4. Avoid unnecessary delay in voter registration.
5. Update the voter’s registration roll without bribery and conspiracy.

• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main objectives of this project work is to design an operational mobile-based voting system which should be able to

– Effectively carryout the task of voting automatically and timely.

– Put to an end the indiscriminate alteration of election results by any officer of the electoral commission of Uyo. This will inculcate discipline in the commission and promote their independence.

– Secure ballot papers and elections results from any accident what server and to quickly detect any defaced ballot paper or a ballot paper that is wrongly plumb printed.

– stop multiply or double voting, forgery in any shape or form and smuggling of ballot papers into ballot boxes. This will restore the integrity of votes cast in any election in  Uyo, Akwa Ibom state.

– Generate accurate report and affect a sticks knowledge of election results using an on-line computer processing system.

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers voting processes as it is done at the ward councillorship elections, local government chairmanship elections, the state house of assembly elections, the Gubernatorial elections the national house of parliamentary elections and presidential elections. It also inculcates the voters personal records, candidates personal records and voting procedures it covers election with at most five polling centers.

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is limited by the restricted nature of the number of polling centers it cover. It does not represent a general election to cover the whole federation of Nigeria at the same time due to time constraints. Also there was limited time to effectively combine the research work with class study. It does not show the position (1^st,2^nd e.t.c) of candidate.

• ASSUMPTIONS

It is assumed that the implementation of the new system will rapidly improve the economic and the socio-political lives of the people of Uyo in Akwa ibom state state. There will be no room for rigging and election malpractice.

• DEFINITION OF TERMS

Android SDK: The Android SDK (software development kit) is a set of development tools used to develop applications for Android platform.

Android: Android is a software for mobile phones, tablets and a growing range of devices covering everything from wearable computing to in-car entertainment.

Android is also a mobile operating system developed by Google. It is used by several smartphones and tablets.

XML – Extended Markup Language: is commonly used as the format for receiving server data, although any format, including plain text, can be used.

ADB: ABD stands for Android Debug Bridge, a tool that is used primarily by developers to send commands from a computer to android.

APK: Android Application Package file used to distribute and install applications.

Android Manifest: Describes the fundamental characteristics of the application and defines each of its components.

Debugger: A debugger is a computer program used by programmers to test and debug a target program.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) – the proposed system’s interface design

Programming Languages – are the topics or content of the application.

Online – Directly connected to the computer and under the influence (control) of the central processing unit (CPU).

Voter:- A voter is a person who has a right to participate in an election as an elector

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Full Project – Design and implementation of a mobile-based voting system