Full Project – Awareness and preventive measures of HIV/AIDS among undergraduates in Isiala Ngwa south local government area

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND AND AIM

The increasing importance of HIV infection has created a demand for more specific disease codes that would allow public health officials clinical research and agencies that finance medical care to accurately monitor diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDs) and other manifestations of human immune deficiency virus (HIV). Infections are code on death certificate and medical records.

HIV infection or AIDs are first reported in June, 1981 in New York, U.S.A and less Angeles, but the infection is known to have started as far back as 1981.

Epidemiological evidence revealed that AIDs has been in existence as early as the 1970’s same parts of the world like USA, Europe, Africa and the comibeans (WHO 1985) it has became clear the AIDs virus was widespread in many countries before the causative virus was identified.

AIDs was first described in the United States of America in 1981. The first few cases were recognized because of the usual clustering of disease such as preumoaystive carrier, pneumonia and kaposis sarcoma in people less than 60 years of age especially the homosexual men.

Kalesis (1997) described AIDs as one of the paramedic infection of the late 20^th century.

At lest of controversies and cambignlties are know to have surrounded different areas of AIDs as a major factor that influence people knowledge and acceptance of information on the issues.

Aids is an abbreviation of the name of the disease condition which has become a challenge to the world in serious. The mechanism by which AIDs disease affect human being is the depression at the immune system that usually protects the body against invasion by microbes or pathogens.

AIDs has been described by Kinfaron (1994) as a very decent disease. It affects people of all ages, sexes, races, cultures and ethic groups. It equally affects both rich and poor.

Oreh and Nigeria (1996) were of the view that AIDs is very difficult disease to talk about because it brings on two entrance sensitive issues that is sex and death. The causative against of this deadly disease is human immune deficiency virus (HIV).

Osuala (1993) printed out that there are many types of strains of HIV which appear in small but significant ways and these strains differs from one part of the world to another. There are two types of HIV, type I which is associated with developed countries and HIV II which is found in Africa. Okpara (1993) reported that the two types of HIV viruses have been reported in Nigerian.

Infection with HIV results in a wide clinical spectrum but many range from asymptotic infection to the full-blown disease called AIDs, in which the immune system is no linger able to fight against life threatening infections and malignant disease.

AIDs is an acute febrile disease or illness with weakness and laboratory evidence of HIV zero conversion. Zero conversion means that a blood test shares a person has been infected with the virus that causes (AIDs) the symptoms occur in 53% – 93 of infected adult and usually appear in 6 months to 10 years after the onset of the infection. The time from infection to clinical disease and death varies there as never been a well documented case of an infected person becoming fee of infection but rather developed into AIDs which terminated at death.

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