Full Project – ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL (GAC) ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The Gwagwalada Area Council is one of the six area councils in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, which includes the capital city of Abuja. Like other local councils, it is expected to play a significant role in managing solid waste in its jurisdiction. This role typically includes waste collection, transportation, disposal, and recycling, as well as public education about waste management (Wilson, Velis, & Cheeseman, 2006).

In Nigeria, solid waste management has been a significant challenge due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and lack of effective waste management infrastructure and systems (Adebola, 2012). In many areas, waste is often dumped in open spaces, streets, and water bodies, leading to environmental pollution, public health risks, and aesthetic issues (Ogwueleka, 2009).

.Waste management is a national and worldwide issue. Numerous studies have shown a link between garbage generation and the capacity of governments, people, and waste management companies to keep up with their responsibilities for environmental management and waste disposal. People’s health, quality of life, and standard of living are all negatively impacted by a polluted environment. The dangers of incorrect disposal or storage of this waste include contamination of the air, land, and most importantly, the water supply.

However, waste management remains a major issue for metropolitan areas in Nigeria. There are a variety of ways in which governments, non-governmental groups, and private citizens have participated in garbage management. In metropolitan regions, waste management has evolved from being exclusively the responsibility of the government to now being a joint effort of the public and private sectors. Garbage management issues are exacerbated by the presence of non-biodegradable waste (such as polythene materials).

A widespread practice in Nigerian cities is the indiscriminate disposal and dumping of rubbish. Residential neighborhoods, markets, farms, and waterways are all in close proximity to most of the garbage disposal sites. With a broad range of human activities within a short distance of a dump site, the composition of trash dumps might vary greatly. Typical examples are the garbage generated at home and at the workplace. There are several types of industrial wastes that result from industrial processes, such as chemicals, pesticides and paints, as well as grease, inorganic materials, oil sludge and other wastes. Commercial and residential wastes are both examples of domestic wastes.

In this context, the role of local councils like the Gwagwalada Area Council becomes crucial. However, they often face challenges such as lack of funding, inadequate equipment, and lack of technical expertise (Adebola, 2012).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Solid Waste Management has become an area of major concern in FCT Abuja today. It appears to be a losing battle against the harmful consequences of unguided waste and the attainment of a clean healthy environment for all indigenes

of the state. It is common sight in Gwagwalada today to see heaps / accumulation of festering waste dumps in parts of the state. All sides of residential apartments, the drains, the highways, corners of major or and minor streets, undeveloped plots of land have all become waste dumps for many households. As one writer puts it, waste increases in a geometrical progression while collection and disposal increases at an arithmetical progression (Akinwale, 2005).

The problem associated with the management of solid waste in most urban cities in Nigeria, like Gwagwalada, does not completely appear to be a problem of absence of legislative framework for solid waste management owing to the fact that at Federal, States, and Local governments levels, there exist some form of sanitation legislations or the other, but some other factors have come to play with the crises experienced in the management of wastes in the Nigerian urban centre‟s. From the background of this study, it appears that the Gwagwalada Area Council (GAC) has not done well in the direction of tackling the menace of solid wastes in the state. This is even in the face of advanced management strategies existing today for solid waste management which have been adopted in many places. Thus, considering the efforts made by stakeholders in waste management, one would be wondering why heaps of refuses are still seen all over the state on daily basis.

Absence of an effective monitoring/control mechanism can bring about in discriminatory refuse generation and disposal. This is true because no force is coordinating all the parts to guarantee order and conformity.

Modern technology used in implementing efficient waste management methods may be existing in papers and not in practical terms. This will make a mockery of the activities of the waste management agency as most methods are outdated; considering the rapid growth in population density in urban centers.

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION

To what extent does fund affects the efficiency of GAC?

What is the professional training status of staff of GAC?

What impact do people‟s attitudes towards GAC have on the Authority’s mandate of maintaining a clean environment?

What impact does monitoring and control have on the management of waste in FCT Abuja?

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The specific objectives of the study are to:

Investigate the extent to which fund affects the efficiency of GAC.

Find out the professional training status of staff of GAC.

Verify the impact of people’s attitudes towards the Authority‟s mandate of

maintaining a clean environment.

Find out the impact of monitoring and control on the management of waste in FCT Abuja.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Any reasonable research work must be designed to be of significance to the society. Also, the significance of a study deals with the benefits that will be derived from it after it has been concluded. This goes further to signify that any research carried out without defining its significance may be regarded as a waste of time and resources.

Academically, findings of this study will serve as a platform for other research works and add to knowledge of scholars/academicians whom will in turn impact on the students and future assignments of state or national course.

To the bureaucrats, human resources managers, town planners, and the Lawmakers, the knowledge of the problems associated with waste management in FCT Abuja, and possible ways to solving them, will be a guide to them in making rational decisions and planning effectively.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study is restricted to Gwagwalada urban centre. The study will be covering the Assessment of the role of Gwagwalada Area Council (GAC) on solid waste management. The findings may not reflect the situation in the whole state, but by and large, there is a strong belief that what happens in Gwagwalada urban centre can be said to apply to other urban centres in the FCT.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Assessment: This term generally refers to the process of making a judgment or forming an opinion, after considering something or someone carefully. In the context of your study, it likely refers to the evaluation of the effectiveness and impact of the Gwagwalada area council’s role in solid waste management.

Solid Waste Management: This is the process of collecting, transporting, processing, recycling, or disposing of waste material, usually ones produced by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Solid waste management practices can differ for residential, industrial, and commercial producers.

Solid Waste: This refers to any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.

Waste: In general, waste refers to any substance or material which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. It can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid and can be hazardous or non-hazardous depending on its source and composition.

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Full Project – ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL (GAC) ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Full Project – ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL (GAC) ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Full Project – ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL (GAC) ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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