Full Project – Assessment of some vitamin composition of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of Rauvolfiavomitoria

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases have existed since antiquity (Chukwuebuka et al., 2020). During the latter part of last century, the practice of herbalism became mainstream throughout the world. This was due in part to the recognition of the value of traditional medical practice, particularly of Asian origin and the identification of medical plants from indigenous pharmacopeias (Mokutima et al., 2010). These herbs have been shown to have significant useful medicinal effects, either in their natural state or as the source of pharmaceuticals (Ezejindu et al., 2013).

One of the plants of medicinal value from the humid tropics is Rauvolfia vomitoria. In Africa, Rauvolfia vomitoria has been used over the years for the treatment of various disorders and ailments. It is called African serpent wood or swizzle stick. In Yoruba, it is called “asofeyeje”, “ira” in Igbo and “Wadda” in Hausa (Olajumoke et al., 2017). Rauvolfia vomitoria has many alkaloids used mainly as anti- hypertension agents and sedatives. Root bark are commonly known for their aphrodisiac, antisporic, abortive and insecticidal properties also for their antihelmintic, apercent, dysenteric, astringent, cardio tonic, diaphoretic, hypotensive, vulnerary and febrifugal potential (Olajumoke et al., 2017). In Nigeria, it is useful for numerous purposes such as lowering of blood pressure, as an antimalarial agent (Amole et al., 2003), as well as an antipyretic. The roots also exhibits antimycobacterial antioxidant activity (Paul et al., 2011).

The use of plants as alternative for the treatment diseases, has always been on the increase over the years (Bautista-Cruz et al., 2011). The bioclimatic conditions of Africa allow plants to accumulate compounds as adaptive mechanism in response to stress (Peinado et al., 2010). The accumulation of primary metabolites for development of plants is well defined. However, few studies focus on primary metabolites in plants naturally adapted to tolerate prolonged periods of drought stress and the relationship with their therapeutic properties. To assess the relationship between the production of primary metabolites and their possible therapeutic properties, this study analyzed the amino acid profile of plants particularly Rauvolfia vomitoria (Edgar et al., 2014).

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