Full Project-APPRAISAL OF BUDGETARY SYSTEM IN THE PUBLIC – SECTOR

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

APPRAISAL OF BUDGETARY SYSTEM IN THE PUBLIC – SECTOR

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Planning and control are major activities of management in all organization and budgets are central to the process of planning and control. Budgeting and budgetary control both at management and operational level look at the future lay down what had to be achieved while control checks whether or not the plans are realized and put into effect corrective measure where deviation or short or short fall is occurring-Budgeting control is not a new technique. It has a profit as the motivating force to known how performance increases. Budgetary control is therefore the system of management control and accounting in which all the operations are forecasted and planned in advances to the extent possible and the actual result compared with the forecasted and planned ones.

In brief it is a system to assist management in the allocation of responsibility and authority, to provide it with aid for making, estimating and planning for the future  and to facilitate the analysis of the between estimated and actual performance.

Beside this, the organization of the concern should be so integrated that all lines of authority and responsibility are laid, allocated and defined. This is essential since the system of budgetary control postulate separation of functions and division of responsibilities and thus requires that the organization shall be in such be planned in such a manner that everyone from the managing director down to the shop foreman will have his duties properly defined.

Budgetary control is an important aspect of financial planning and control. If properly applied it will help in keeping operation and production of good and service in line with plans. When establishing budgets, standard must be used and it is this standard that will serve as a yard stick for measuring actual result. This in effect means that budgetary control system is operated simultaneously with system of standard costing because both systems are inter-related.

It is important that budgetary control reports are consistent with the assigned responsibility of each level of the organization and that a budget holder is only held responsible for their incurrence. Thus, if responsibility accounting is to be controllable and uncontrollable. Responsibility Accounting is a system of accounting in which cost and revenue are analyzed in accordance with areas of personal responsibility accounting. Once the plans for the department have been agreed and embodied in a budget, the budgetary control process begins.

A well established and fully understood system of budgetary control also facilitates the application of the principle of management by objective. In that sense, efforts are made to see that those who would implement the budgets understand what their goals are, what actions contribute to the achievement of these goals and when they have been accomplished.

This is objective can only be achieved when both the management and staff participation and full Co-operation are ensured so that strict adherence to management policy is achieved. Managers should be made to see that budget are measure of standard which be seen as a motivational factors.

Budgetary control system serve as a control mechanism which harmonizes both individual and group objectives with be organization objectives with be organization objective to ensure Co-operation of management and staff which in turn bring about utmost success of control.

Brown and Howard (1984) as cited in Mohammed (2011) stressed that organizational goals or objectives to be achieved there must be an efficient budgetary control system.

They enumerated the point that budgetary control is not only an accounting excise but a fool of management at all levels.

The most important of all uses of budgetary control is its motivational aspect that is bought but by the involvement of lower and middle management with the preparation of budgets which performance can be judged.

Therefore, for the effective and efficient utilization of an organization resources and objection for such organization to be achieved, the executives need to fully understand the essentials of budgetary control.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

Nigeria Public Sector as a whole has not grown remarkably over the years due to factors such as dummy budgetary control, neglect by the sector from over dependence on crude oil, collapsing infrastructure among others.

Although, the Nigeria Government maintains that the industry is the main is the main instrument for rapid growth structural change and self sufficiency, it had however unwillingly pursued policies which had impaired the performance of same industry (Akintoye 2008) as cited in (Mohammed 2011). Therefore, the problems which this write-up identified and aimed at proffering solution to are;

Lack of adequate and realistic data for proper budgetary control. Lack of financial planning and control Public sector parastatals. The non-challant attitude being paid to budgetary control in the Public sector.

1.3       Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to look into how the Public sectorcompanies apply the techniques control in their daily activities and its possible contributions to the overall performance of the company. For this objective to be realistic, attention would be paid to the followings;

To know how budgetary control can enhance public sector performance. To identify the problem being encountered in the implementation of these control. To suggest possible solution to problems/challenges on implementation of budgetary control. To identify different human aspect of budgetary control.

Get the Complete Project

This is a premium project material and the complete research project plus questionnaires and references can be gotten at an affordable rate of N3,000 for Nigerian clients and $8 for International clients.

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

You can also check other Research Project here:

1, Accounting Research Project

2. Adult Education
3. Agricultural Science
4. Banking & Finance
5. Biblical Theology & CRS
6. Biblical Theology and CRS
7. Biology Education
8. Business Administration
9. Computer Engineering Project
10. Computer Science 2
11. Criminology Research Project
12. Early Childhood Education
13. Economic Education
14. Education Research Project
15. Educational Administration and Planning Research Project
16. English
17. English Education
18. Entrepreneurship
19. Environmental Sciences Research Project
20. Guidance and Counselling Research Project
21. History Education
22. Human Kinetics and Health Education
23. Management
24. Maritime and Transportation
25. Marketing
26. Marketing Research Project 2
27. Mass Communication
28. Mathematics Education
29. Medical Biochemistry Project
30. Organizational Behaviour
31. Other Projects
32. Political Science
33. Psychology
34. Public Administration
35. Public Health Research Project
36. More Research Project
37. Transportation Management
38. Nursing

Need a Project Writer for a Different Topic

• MSC PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MBA RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• Research Project Writing Services in Lagos Nigeria (Professional Writers) -Law, MSc, MBA,PhD, Dissertations, Thesis, Assignment, Speech
• Masters Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• MBA Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• LOOKING FOR A WRITING SERVICES FOR AN URGENT ASSIGNMENTS OR PROJECT WORK
• PROFESSIONAL WRITING SERVICES IN LAGOS NIGERIA (TERM PAPER, SPEECH WRITING, ASSIGNMENT, THESES, DISSERTATIONS, RESEARCH PROPOSAL, PROJECT WRITING SERVICES etc)
• BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• CONSULT A RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA (PH.D, MBA, MSC, M.ED, BSC)
• MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• Education Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Environmental Sciences Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Guidance and Counselling Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Human Kinetics and Health Education Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Early Childhood Education Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Christian Religious Studies(CRS) Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Educational Administration and Planning Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Political Science Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Accounting Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Economics Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Management Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Marketing Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Public Administration Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• MBA Research Project Analysts
• In Need of MBA Research Project Writer in Nigeria
• MBA Dissertation Research Project Writer
• MBA Project writer
• EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BSC) DEGREE PROJECT WRITING SERVICES(B.ED,B.A,B.SC)
• MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSC) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• POST GRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• MASTER RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• MASTER DEGREE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MASTERS RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• EXPERT IN RESEARCH PROJECT/THESIS/DISSERTATION WRITING SERVICES IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL BSC/HND RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL MBA/MSC RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL THESIS WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• SC/M.SC/MBA/PGD RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• Master Degree Research Project Specialist/Writer in Lagos, Nigeria
• Hire A Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Research Project Specialist in Lagos, Nigeria

• Education