Full Project – Analysis of political corruption and underdevelopment in harvest of corruption by Frank Ogodo Ogbeche and naira has no gender by Olu Obafemi
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to Study
The literature of people is the one that seeks to discuss, expose and propose solutions to the daily problems of society, be it social, economic, moral, political or otherwise. Since literature is seen as reflecting life, literature and society are inseparable. To a certain extent this inspires literary artists who bring theories into the literature to affect their art in order to propose solutions to these problems and to show the way forward.
The history of Nigeria is characterized by corruption amplified by her encounter with the European imperialists. The encounter took three stages namely slave trade, the partition of Africa by the European powers who scrambled for territories therein, and the Christianization of Africa which occurred during the partition era. Corruption as a way of life in Nigeria is a kind of belief or practice that defies any reasonable solution, a deliberate attempt to set forth one line of argument so forcefully, as repeatedly, and so uncompromisingly that the learner is unable to consider other alternatives of better life styles. While traditional and religious values aim at producing people with dignity, identity with critical and analytical minds, corrupt officials’ indoctrination tends to suppress the development of such minds. dependency theory tended to neglect factors internal to poor societies such as cultures or ethnic resistant to change, gender inequality, political corruption and the reckless misuse of available resources.
African literature is generally protest bound. This is why its analysis could not be properly done under art for art’s sake philosophy. African writers are social crusaders. They have used their literary works to express their concern over bad governance in their various societies. In Africa, literature is a major agent of change. It has been observed that: ‘nowadays, drama, apart from being didactic has now become a tool for social advocate’ (Odion, 2009:56). Social dramatists like Olu Obafemi, Femi Osofisan, Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Ngugi wa Mirii, among others use their works to liberate the people. They use their drama to prescribe a corruption, exploitation, and a deprivation free society. African literature from pre-colonial to colonial and post-colonial (contemporary) period is used as a weapon of change. The pre-colonial period of folktales, myth, legend, proverb, etc. was characterized by didactism and criticism of bad and unapproved behaviour in society. The colonial period of African literature criticized subjugation of African cultural values as well as western hegemony, colonial administration, corruption, deprivation and exploitation. The period also projected cultural nationalism. It was a time of cultural assertion in Africa with literature as a tool. The post-colonial (contemporary) period criticizes oppression, deprivation, exploitation, rigging of election, suffering, poverty, prostitution, armed robbery and other social maladies caused by bad leadership and myopia in leadership. In Africa, literature is a medium employed by writers to reform their societies. In Olu Obafemi’s Naira Has No Gender and Femi Osofisan’s Morountodun, we see the concern of these playwrights over bad governance in Nigeria. They have portrayed the social, political, and economic situation of the contemporary Nigeria to conscientise the leaders and the led off the inevitability of change in the scheme of things in the country.
Corruption has been the foundations of the maladministration in Nigeria, the separation of each from the other and the cause of intra-and-inter-ethnic group conflicts. The aim of this project is to create awareness of true and dignified style that is deeply rooted in traditional and religious values that will help the Nigerian citizenry to champion their governance ideas, and their activities intelligibly and spiritually.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The overwhelming socio-political problems facing the African continent can rarely be ignored by African writers. Ogunba (2009: 21) thus expresses this concern: When the writer in his own society can no longer function as a consciousness, he must recognize that his choice is between totally refusing or retiring to the position of postmortem chronicler and surgeon. The artist has always worked in African society as the record of manners and experiences of his society and as the voice of vision in his own time. The above explains the fact that novelists and dramatists are part of their societies and therefore have a Better explanation of what is going on around them as they function as the conscience of society. They are committed to restoring order in their communities, which have been engulfed in a myriad of socio-political and economic disorder.
According to Awodiya, (2010: 33) is to use the weapon we have; our pen, our zeal and our eloquence to awaken in us the song of liberation with our writings. We wash the stigma of inferiority, awaken our dormant energies, unmask the pests and traitors among us, and preach positive sermons. Since the days of the Greek philosopher Socrates, writers have been at the forefront of social change, defying the mores of oppressive society. The mode of the artist to evaluate the socio-political system in a society is satire; a form of writing that mocks the bad or senseless behavior of people, institutions and society in general. Consequently, this research project seeks to give the analysis of the texts under study.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions guided the research.
- How is the subject of corruption and underdevelopment depicted in the texts under study?
- What are the roles of the characters in the texts?
- How do the texts depict satire in contemporary African literature?
- How is satire a dramatic tool for reformation?
1.4 Aims and Objectives
This study aims at studying Frank Ogodo Ogbeche’s Harvest of Corruption and Olu Obafemi’s Naira has no Gender how they try to bring to the knowledge of individuals that the correction or reconstruction of the society begins with oneself and this became of paramount importance because this is another way of sensitizing the people about social ills.
Specifically, the objectives of the study sought to:
- Analyze the two texts under study regarding corruption and underdevelopment in contemporary African drama and novel.
- Determine the roles of all characters in the texts.
- Examine Harvest of Corruption and Naira Has no Gender on the basis of satire in contemporary African literature.
- Assess satire as a dramatic tool for societal reformation
1.5 Justification of Study
The texts Harvest of Corruption and Naira has no Gender are contemporary texts embellished with satirical beauty, but little or no attention has been paid to this quality of text. This research aims to study the importance of satire as a literary genre used to correct societal abnormalities and human aberrations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the theme of corruption and underdevelopment and its effects on society as it helps to eliminate the problems that militate against national development.
1.6 The Scope of Study
The scope of this study is limited or restricted to the chosen text Harvest of Corruption and the Naira Has no Gender. It should be noted that there are many other literary devices used in the text such as comparison, humor, humor, satire, irony, etc. However, our attention will be on the satire that the text itself is satirical in nature by highlighting the characteristics that characterizes it as satire.
1.7 Limitation of Study
The study limited by lack of availability of materials, especially the original copy of the texts. Time and financial constraints also impeded the research work.
1.8 Methodology
In this study, the library strategy is embraced for its suitability and convenience. This methodology entails data collection from secondary sources such as serious works, treatises, and documented materials usually from the library, the internet, and the book stores for the purpose of interpreting the primary texts. This relates to the qualitative research methodology used mostly in the Humanities disciplines as a means of collecting a variety of empirical data on case studies, individual encounters or contemplation, life story, interviews, observation, historical narratives, visual texts, which describe routine and problematic moments and meaning in the life of an individual.
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Full Project – Analysis of political corruption and underdevelopment in harvest of corruption by Frank Ogodo Ogbeche and naira has no gender by Olu Obafemi