Full Project – Influence Of Child Abuse On The Mental Health Of Secondary School Students

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Abuse of children is a worldwide problem affecting millions of kids, especially those in high schools. Abuse of a kid is defined as “any harm or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18.” Injuries might be of the physical, mental, sexual, or neglect variety. The mental health of abused children can suffer greatly. Research shows that a child’s mental health suffers directly according to the severity and frequency of the abuse (Euser et al., 2015). This research aims to examine the impact of child maltreatment on the emotional wellbeing of high school students.

Forms of Child Abuse: Neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and physical abuse are all kinds of child abuse. Injury to a child’s body, such as bruises, cuts, or fractured bones, is an indicator of physical abuse. Persistently humiliating or insulting a kid is emotional abuse and can lead to low self-esteem, sadness, and anxiety. Molestation, rape, and pornography are all examples of sexual abuse, as are any other forms of sexual contact with a child that the kid is too young to understand or consent to. Finally, neglect occurs when a parent or caregiver fails to provide a child’s fundamental necessities.

Mental Health Consequences of Child Abuse: Anxiety, sadness, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, dissociative disorder, and suicidality are just some of the mental health problems that children who have been abused may develop. A increased risk of anxiety, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with childhood physical abuse. Abuse of children has been linked to structural changes in the brain, including the atrophy of the hippocampus (Heim & Nemeroff, 2001), the memory and emotion center of the brain. Children’s mental health can suffer greatly as a result of sexual abuse.

Higher rates of anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and dissociative disorders have been found in those who have experienced sexual abuse (Heim & Nemeroff, 2001). Studies have shown a correlation between sexual abuse in childhood and long-term psychological and emotional stress, both of which increase the risk of adult sexual dysfunction and relationship dysfunction. Neglected youngsters also have a worse sense of self-worth and a more pessimistic attitude on life (Lagerberg et al., 2014).

Negative Effects of Child Abuse on Health: Long-term effects of child abuse include increased risk of obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The release of chronic stress hormones can be ascribed to the unfavorable physical health effects reported in those who experienced child maltreatment (Bhatia, et al., 2017). Higher levels of inflammation are linked to a variety of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer (Danese & McEwen, 2012). The impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of secondary school pupils are severe, as this article has shown.

Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide ideation are just some of the mental health issues that might result. Long-term effects of child abuse include an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is crucial that kids feel secure and cared for in their classrooms.

The best way to help children who have been victims of child abuse is for teachers and guidance counselors to foster an open classroom climate where students feel safe talking about their experiences. To prevent child abuse from occurring in the first place, society as a whole should take action by launching public awareness campaigns and offering family support services.

References:

Bhatia, V. et al., (2017). Childhood maltreatment and obesity. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 45, pp. 781-790. Danese, A. & McEwen, B.S. (2012). Adverse Childhood Experiences, Allostatic Load, Inflammatory Processes, and Health Outcomes. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(6), pp. 2699-2713.

Euser, S. et al. (2015). Child abuse and mental health among adolescents in the general population: the role of parental separation and confiding. Quality of Life Research, 24(5), pp. 1155-1164.

Heim, C. & Nemeroff, C.B. (2001). The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Biological Psychiatry, 49(12), pp. 1023-1039.

Lagerberg, T. et al. (2014). Mental health problems and sexual abuse among adolescents and young adults – a review of the research literature. Swedish National Institute of Public Health.

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