Project Topic - EVALUATION OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

Project Topic – EVALUATION OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Many aspects of tourism management are influenced by the availability of infrastructure, safety, economics, and the appeal of the tourist destination. In an unstable climate, tourism, which serves as the backbone of many countries’ economies, cannot prosper ( Suleiman 2011). It was regretted that tourism has a direct and sometimes an indirect impact on human existence, despite the fact that it is a popular and vital pastime for many people (Hall, 1996).

Tourism, according to the United Nations (1992), is a term that encompasses a wide range of activities and relationships that occur as a result of tourists, businesses, suppliers, host governments, and the local communities that welcome them. Traveling to natural places to study, appreciate, and enjoy the terrain, magnificent vistas or wild animals and plants, and any extant historical monuments or cultural relics is also considered to be a kind of tourism by IUCN (1994). However, Page (1995) defined tourism as a kind of recreational travel in which at least some of the pleasure is gained from the journey itself. As Suleiman (1996) notes, tourism has been there since the dawn of man. He claims that when Adam and Eve left the Garden of Eden in search of a new home and sustenance, they were already engaged in the practice of travel and tourism. Due to the fact that tourists travel for pleasure, this is the case. Tourists are also seen as the solution by Davidson (1998).

For work, pleasure, or other personal reasons, individuals may travel outside of their typical routine. The world tourism organisation (2002) defined tourism as “the temporal, short term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and include all movement that do not last more than a year”. Also according to Wall and Mathieson (2006) “Tourism comprises the activities of person travelling for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

In broader sense, tourism can be viewed as the desire to enjoy leisure in a different environment. The area which is perhaps beautiful and which has a good climate. It is recreating outside the person’s usual environment which is deliberate and planned for the purpose of pleasure, business trips, trips made to visit friends or relatives are also part of tourism, the attraction of seeing famous painting, places and buildings are also important factors of tourism (Suleiman, 2010).

In some countries, tourism is a viable source of revenue which forms great part of their economy. Countries like Kenya, South Africa, Croatia, Israel among others depend to some extent on it as a source of foreign exchange earnings. They realized substantial percentages of their revenue from tourism for example Israel 30 – 50%, Kenya 60 – 70%, South Africa 15 – 30% and Croatia 20% is generated annually. (Wikipedia 2010).

There are two categories of tourism; domestic and international tourism. Domestic tourism is performed within the territory of the country but outside one’s usual place of abode. It may have different objectives such as visit to places of interest, leisure trips and excursion (Suleiman, 2010). While international tourism is a journey which takes one outside the borders of ones country for purpose other than employment. International tourism could be active or passive tourism.

The tourism attractions of a geographical area are assets to be reckoned with considering its socio-economic contributions (Marguba, 2002). Little or no attention is paid to this vital sector and researches on this subjects matter are scarce most especially in Kaduna state. This is further substantiated by Orga and Kuku (2008) who opined that tourism industry is one of the industries that both developed and developing countries are establishing because of the immense benefit derivable from them.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Alozie (1990) found out ways to facilitate the development of tourism sector in Jos North local Government area with a view to proposing a plan for tourism development in the area and a design for a selected site. Usman (1989) carried out a similar study on planning for tourism development. He proposed planning strategies for the development of tourism in Jema’a local government area. He also recommended a design for a tourism centre at Matsirga water fall Kafanchan while Unekwuojo (1999) worked on the effects of parks on recreational activities. The author findings was to examined the nature and effects of parks as recreational activities on the people in Kaduna metropolis.

Alfa (1990) studied on tourism development in Niger state and proposed an improvement of a tourist centre for Gurara water fall Minna. Zoakah (2003) also researched on transport implication on tourism development in Kano. She examined the relationship between transport and tourism development with emphasis on Durbar festivities in Kano metropolis.

Generally, these studies came up with findings that treated planning and development of tourism and tourism sites while others dealt with the effects and transport implication on tourism. In this work, the interest of the researcher is to assess the management tourism sites in Kaduna state. The state is one of the most oldest State in Nigeria, and incidentally a home to many socio-economic activities (Education, commercial, industrial and tourism). These activities as have been explored by both private and government agencies are found to contribute to the development of the state economy. However, tourism has received less attention compared to the other activities like agriculture and transport. Although tourism site can be identified in nearly all the local government areas of the state with the potentials of generating income as well as job opportunities, This is yet to be properly documented and as it is done in other countries like Israel, Kenya, South Africa and China. These countries make huge amount of money from tourism, whereas in Nigeria especially kaduna, significant amount of money is lost annually because of inadequate documentation and development of the activities in tourism centres. Furthermore, due to insecurity of life and property people find it difficult to go for tourism. Other problems include poor management and planning, inadequate method of creating awareness and so poor patronage..

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this research is to assess the patronage level of tourism centres in Kaduna state.

The aim was achieved through the following objectives:

To explore and develop inventory of tourism centres in Nigeria.
Socio economic characteristics of the staff and tourists in the tourism centres.
To examine Tourism management and activities of these Centre’s.
Identify problems of these Centre’s and make recommendation.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study examines tourism management in Nigeria. The findings of the study will highlight the Tourism management centres and the possible problems associated with it in Northern Nigeria using Kaduna as a case Study, which shall form the basis of attracting more tourists. The study will draw the attention of both government and interest groups to begin to see the possibility of re-building tourism into lucrative industry in the state.

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Project Topic – EVALUATION OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

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Project Topic – EVALUATION OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

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